with the fast development of power electronics, Power Supplies (SMPS). Nowadays, many researchers have gradually become research focus, which can greatly reduce the value, volume of passive components and help to improve the system power density. However, at such high operating frequency, many challenges have been proposed, such as switching characteristics, topologies characteristics and control methods. This paper starts from the development background of VHF power converters, and an overview of VHF development is described. Different topologies adopted in VHF condition are introduced and compared. At the same time, the resonant driving strategies and control methods for very high frequency converters are discussed and analyzed, which can provide guidance for further research of VHF converters.
Index Terms—Very high frequency power converters, topologies, resonant driving, control strategies.
I. Introduction
With the development of power electronics technique, very high frequency (VHF, 30~300 MHz) power converters have gradually become a hot field of research directions. By increasing the working frequency of the system, the VHF power converters can effectively reduce the volume of the passive components, and improve the power density. Meanwhile, the transmitted and stored energy of components during each operating period can be significantly decreased due to the increase of the frequency. Thus the speed of the transient response can be accelerated. The decrease of the value and volume of passive components is beneficial to the integration and manufacture of the system.
The topologies of VHF converters are proposed through a combination of RF power amplifier technology and power electronic technology [1]-[8]. The power amplifier can transform DC components into high frequency AC components, which is similar to the inverter stage of Switching Mode Power Supplies (SMPS). Combining the inverters with the power converter have been proposed [9]-[64], which own excellent characteristics, such as small volume, high power density and fast response speed. Although the VHF system has such merits, the high switching frequency puts forward strict requirements on the selection of semiconductor devices [21]-[28], the utilization of parasitic parameters [29]-[36], the design of the circuit [37]-[42] and the design of passive components [43]-[49].
In the VHF power converters, with the increasement of system switching frequency, switching losses also increase rapidly. Thus, the losses of the switch and the driving circuit must be reduced to ensure a high system efficiency. In the existing VHF power converters, scholars mainly adopt zero voltage switching (ZVS) technology to reduce the power losses caused by the overlap of voltage and current at the instant of switching. Besides, to reduce the driving circuit losses, the resonant driving circuit is also proposed which can utilize the energy stored in the switch input capacitor.
Apart from the topologies and the driving methods, another important aspect of VHF converters is the control method. For traditional converters, pulse width modulation (PWM) or pulse frequency modulation (PFM) is used to adjust the drive signal of the system in close-loop control. However, both methods are not available to be adopted in VHF situations. Because in such a high frequency condition, it is difficult to sample and adjust the duty cycle or the operating frequency of driving signals. At the same time, the change of period or duty cycle will affect the operating modes of switches. Thus some suitable control methods have been researched to regulate the output voltage and keep the switch operating in soft-switching modes when the input voltage or load change.
In this paper, introduction and detailed analysis of advanced technologies in VHF power converters are presented. Based on existing VHF power converter topologies, the design principle of VHF topology is introduced. The characteristics of different inverter stages, rectifier stages and matching networks are analyzed in Section II. The driving methods of the VHF system are explored in Section III. An overall analysis and comparison of the self-resonant driving circuit and multi-resonant driving circuit are given. The control strategies of VHF power converter are discussed in Section IV. Section V elaborates the opportunities and challenge.