For the past few years, modular multilevel converter (MMC) has been gradually applied as a flexible interconnection node in medium-voltage AC/DC hybrid distribution networks. In case of a short-circuit fault on a medium-voltage AC distribution line, the MMC in V/f control mode needs to limit the short-circuit current and guarantee a high quality of supply to healthy loads. Available fault control strategies are unable to satisfy the above two control requirements at the same time. In this paper, a short-circuit fault ride-through control strategy is proposed for MMC in V/f control mode. The control strategy can be divided into hardware fast current limiting control scheme and software fault control strategy. The hardware fast current limiting control scheme can quickly limit the fault inrush current during the transient period within the safety range to avoid the failure of current limiting due to MMC triggering blocking protection. The software fault control strategy can guarantee high quality electricity supply to healthy loads during asymmetrical short-circuit faults, while maximizing the feed-in fault current for relay protection. The proposed strategy is tested on a 5 kVA MMC and the experiments confirm its validity and effectiveness.